Abstract
Background
The effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention including Mediterranean diet nutritional
counselling and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiometabolic,
and exercise parameters were studied in metabolically unhealthy obese (NMHO) and metabolically
healthy but obese (MHO) subjects.
Methods
Fifty-five MHO (51 ± 8 years; waist circumference, 109 ± 13 cm) and 79 NMHO subjects
(54 ± 9 years; waist circumference, 112 ± 13 cm) participated in an intensive lifestyle
modification program based on Mediterranean diet nutritional counselling and HIIT
2-3 times per week. Body composition, cardiometabolic, and exercise parameters were
measured at baseline and after 9 months.
Results
Initially, MHO patients had a lower blood pressure (BP), fasting glycemia, triglycerides,
and a higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) (P < 0.05) vs NMHO patients. Body mass (P < 0.05), waist circumference (P < 0.0001), total and trunk fat mass (P < 0.001), systolic and diastolic BP (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.0001), insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05), VO2 peak and muscle endurance (P < 0.0001) were similarly improved in both groups after the program. Prevalence of
NMHO was reduced by 17.91% (P < 0.01) after the program. Similar improvements in body composition, BP, and exercise
parameters were found for MHO and NMHO men and women (P < 0.05). In all patients, improvement of VO2 peak was negatively correlated with improvements in body composition, systolic blood
pressure, and resting heart rate (HR) (R = −0.61 to −0.24; P < 0.05).
Conclusions
A long-term intensive lifestyle program including Mediterranean diet nutritional counselling
and HIIT is an appropriate intervention in MHO and NMHO subjects with similar potential
clinical health benefits including an improved body composition, BP, fasting glycemia,
insulin sensitivity, VO2 peak, and muscle endurance.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction
Les effets d’une intervention intensive sur le mode de vie incluant des conseils nutritionnels
sur la diète méditerranéenne et de l’entraînement par intervalles à haute intensité
(EIHI) sur la composition corporelle, les paramètres cardiométaboliques et d’effort,
ont été étudiés chez des sujets obèses avec syndrome métabolique (OSM) et des sujets
obèses sans syndrome métabolique (OSSM).
Méthodes
Cinquante-cinq (55) sujets OSSM (51 ± 8 ans; tour de taille, 109 ± 13 cm) et 79 sujets
OSM (54 ± 9 ans; tour de taille, 112 ± 13 cm) ont participé à un programme intensif
de modification du mode de vie incluant des conseils nutritionnels sur la diète méditerranéenne
et de et l’EIHI de 2 à 3 fois par semaine. La composition corporelle, et les paramètres
cardiométaboliques et d’effort ont été mesurés au début et après 9 mois.
Résultats
Initialement, les patients OSSM avaient une pression artérielle (PA), une glycémie
à jeun et des triglycérides plus bas, et un cholestérol-HDL et un prélèvement maximal
d’oxygène (VO2 max) plus élevé (P < 0,05) par rapport aux patients OSM. La masse corporelle (P < 0,05), le tour de taille (P < 0,0001), la masse grasse totale et tronculaire (P < 0,001), la PA systolique et diastolique (P < 0,001), la glycémie à jeun (P < 0,0001), l’insulinosensibilité (P < 0,05), la VO2 max et l’endurance musculaire (P < 0,0001) s’étaient améliorés de façon similaire dans les deux groupes après le programme.
La prévalence de sujets OSM a été réduite de 17,91 % (P < 0,01). Des améliorations similaires de la composition corporelle, de la PA et des
paramètres d’effort ont été observées chez les hommes et les femmes OSSM et OSM (P < 0,05). Chez tous les patients, l’amélioration de la VO2 max a été corrélée de manière négative avec les améliorations de la composition corporelle,
de la pression artérielle systolique et de la fréquence cardiaque (FC) au repos (R = −0,61 à −0,24; P < 0,05).
Conclusions
Un programme intensif à long terme sur le mode de vie incluant des conseils nutritionnels
sur la diète méditerranéenne et de l’EIHI est une intervention appropriée pour les
sujets OSSM et OSM qui montre des avantages cliniques potentiels et similaires sur
la santé dont l’amélioration de la composition corporelle, de la PA, de la glycémie
à jeun, de l’insulinosensibilité, de la VO2 max et de l’endurance musculaire.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 23, 2013
Accepted:
November 27,
2013
Received:
September 20,
2013
Footnotes
See page 439 for disclosure information.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
