Abstract
Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Of the many processes involved
in the pathophysiology of hypertension, vascular damage due to oxidative stress (excess
bioavailability of reactive oxygen species [ROS]) is particularly important. Physiologically,
ROS regulate vascular function through redox-sensitive signalling pathways. In hypertension,
oxidative stress promotes endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling, and inflammation,
leading to vascular damage. Vascular ROS are derived primarily by nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, which are prime targets for therapeutic development.
Although experimental evidence indicates a causative role for oxidative stress in
hypertension, human data are less convincing. This might relate, in part, to suboptimal
methods to accurately assess the redox state. Herein we review current knowledge on
oxidative stress in vascular pathobiology and implications in human hypertension.
We also discuss biomarkers to assess the redox state in the clinic, highlight novel
strategies to inhibit ROS production, and summarize how lifestyle modifications promote
vascular health by reducing oxidative stress.
Résumé
L'hypertension est un facteur de risque cardiovasculaire majeur. Parmi les nombreux
processus intervenant dans la physiopathologie de l'hypertension, les lésions vasculaires
dues au stress oxydatif (biodisponibilité excessive des espèces réactives de l'oxygène
[ERO]) sont particulièrement importantes. Physiologiquement, les ERO régulent la fonction
vasculaire par les voies de signalisation sensibles à l’état redox. Dans l'hypertension,
le stress oxydatif qui favorise la dysfonction endothéliale, le remodelage vasculaire
et l'inflammation entraîne les lésions vasculaires. Les ERO vasculaires proviennent
principalement des oxydases du nicotinamide-adénine-dinucléotide-phosphate, qui sont
les cibles de choix du développement thérapeutique. Bien que les données probantes
expérimentales montrent que le stress oxydatif joue un rôle causal dans l'hypertension,
les données sur l’être humain sont moins convaincantes. Cela pourrait en partie avoir
un lien avec les méthodes qui sont sous-optimales pour évaluer avec précision l’état
redox. Ici, nous passons en revue les connaissances actuelles sur la pathobiologie
vasculaire et les conséquences liées au stress oxydatif sur l'hypertension chez les
êtres humains. Nous discutons également des biomarqueurs pour évaluer l’état redox
en clinique, soulignons les nouvelles stratégies pour inhiber la production d’ERO
et résumons comment les modifications au mode de vie favorisent la santé vasculaire
en réduisant le stress oxydatif.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 13, 2015
Accepted:
February 6,
2015
Received:
January 5,
2015
Footnotes
See page 637 for disclosure information.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
