Abstract
Increasingly, computational modelling and numerical simulations are used to help plan
complex surgical and interventional cardiovascular procedures in children and young
adults with congenital heart disease. From its origins more than 30 years ago, surgical
planning with analysis of flow hemodynamics and energy loss/efficiency has helped
design and implement many modifications to existing techniques. On the basis of patient-specific
medical imaging, surgical planning allows accurate model production that can then
be manipulated in a virtual surgical environment, with the proposed solutions finally
tested with advanced computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the results. Applications
include a broad range of congenital heart disease, including patients with single-ventricle
anatomy undergoing staged palliation, those with arch obstruction, with double outlet
right ventricle, or with tetralogy of Fallot. In the present work, we focus on clinical
applications of this exciting field. We describe the framework for these techniques,
including brief descriptions of the engineering principles applied and the interaction
between “benchtop” data with medical decision-making. We highlight some early insights
learned from pioneers over the past few decades, including refinements in Fontan baffle
geometries and configurations. Finally, we offer a glimpse into exciting advances
that are presently being explored, including use of modelling for transcatheter interventions.
In this era of personalized medicine, computational modelling and surgical planning
allows patient-specific tailoring of interventions to optimize clinical outcomes.
Résumé
La modélisation computationnelle et les simulations numériques sont de plus en plus
utilisées pour planifier des interventions chirurgicales cardiovasculaires complexes
chez les enfants et les jeunes adultes atteints de cardiopathie congénitale. Depuis
ses origines, il y a plus de 30 ans, la planification chirurgicale par l'analyse de
l'hémodynamique des écoulements et de l'efficacité ou des déperditions d'énergie des
écoulements a contribué à concevoir et à mettre en œuvre de nombreuses modifications
aux techniques existantes. En s'appuyant sur l'imagerie médicale se rapportant au
patient, la planification chirurgicale permet la production de modèles précis qui
peuvent ensuite être manipulés dans un environnement chirurgical virtuel. L’évaluation
finale des résultats des solutions proposées est effectuée au moyen de tests de dynamique
des fluides computationnelle avancée. Les applications touchent une large gamme de
patients atteints de maladies cardiaques congénitales, dont les patients ayant un
cœur univentriculaire et recevant des interventions palliatives en plusieurs temps,
une obstruction de l'arc, un ventricule droit à double issue, ou encore une tétralogie
de Fallot. Dans le présent travail, nous nous attardons aux applications cliniques
de ce domaine passionnant. Nous décrivons le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent ces techniques,
et présentons notamment une brève description des principes d'ingénierie qui sont
appliqués et de l'interaction entre les données de laboratoire et la prise de décision
médicale. Nous mettons en relief quelques leçons tirées par les pionniers au cours
des dernières décennies, dont les améliorations dans les géométries et les configurations
des dérivations de type Fontan. Enfin, nous proposons un aperçu des passionnants progrès
actuels, et notamment de l'utilisation de la modélisation pour les interventions transcathéter.
À l'ère de la médecine personnalisée, la modélisation et la planification chirurgicale
computationnelles rendent possibles des interventions personnalisées qui optimisent
les résultats cliniques.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 02, 2017
Accepted:
May 27,
2017
Received:
February 2,
2017
Footnotes
See page 1168 for disclosure information.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
