Abstract
Background
Heated water-based exercise (HEx) promotes a marked reduction of blood pressure (BP),
but it is not entirely clear whether its effects on BP persist after cessation of
HEx.
Methods
We analyzed the effects of cessation of HEx on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM)
in patients with resistant hypertension (RH). Thirty-two patients (aged 53 ± 6 years)
with RH (4 to 6 antihypertensive drugs) were randomly assigned to HEx (n = 16) or
control (n = 16) groups. Antihypertensive therapy remained unchanged during the protocol.
The HEx group participated in 36 sessions (60 minutes) in a heated pool (32oC [89.6°F]) for 12 weeks (training), followed by 12 weeks of cessation of training.
The control group was evaluated during the same period and instructed to maintain
their habitual activities.
Results
HEx and control groups had similar BP levels at baseline. HEx training reduced the
24-hour systolic (–19.5 ± 4.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.7 mm Hg, P = 0.001) and diastolic BP (–11.1 ± 2.4 vs 2.06 ± 0.9 mm Hg, P = 0.001) at week 12, compared with the control group. After 12 weeks of training
cessation (week 24), 24-hour BP remained significantly lower in the HEx group than
in the control group (–9.6 ± 3.8 vs 6.3 ± 3.5 mm Hg, P = 0.01 and –7.5±2.2 vs 2.2 ± 1.0 mm Hg, P = 0.009, for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively), although these differences
were attenuated.
Conclusions
BP remained lower after cessation of 12-week training among patients with RH who underwent
HEx compared with the controls. The carryover effects of HEx on BP may help to overcome
the challenging problem of exercise compliance in long-term follow-up.
Résumé
Contexte
L’exercice en eau chaude (ExEC) favorise une réduction marquée de la pression artérielle
(PA), mais il reste à déterminer si cet effet sur la PA persiste après la cessation
de cette activité.
Méthodologie
Nous avons analysé les effets de la cessation de l’ExEC par une surveillance ambulatoire
de la PA (SAPA) pendant 24 heures chez des patients souffrant d’hypertension résistante
(HR). Trente-deux patients (âgés de 53 ± 6 ans) atteints d’HR (de 4 à 6 médicaments
antihypertenseurs) ont été affectés au hasard au groupe ExEC (n = 16) ou au groupe
témoin (n = 16). Le traitement antihypertenseur est demeuré inchangé pendant l’étude.
Les participants du groupe ExEC ont pris part à 36 séances (d’une durée de 60 minutes)
dans une piscine chauffée (à 32o C [89,6° F]) pendant une période de 12 semaines (entraînement), suivie d’une période
de 12 semaines de cessation de l’entraînement. Les participants du groupe témoin,
évalués durant la même période, avaient reçu la consigne de poursuivre leurs activités
habituelles.
Résultats
Au début de l’étude, les valeurs de PA étaient similaires dans le groupe ExEC et dans
le groupe témoin. Après 12 semaines, l’entraînement ExEC a entraîné une réduction
de la PA systolique (-19,5 ± 4,6 vs 3,0 ± 0,7 mmHg, p = 0,001) et de la PA diastolique (-11,1 ± 2,4 vs 2,06 ± 0,9 mmHg, p = 0,001), mesurées pendant 24 heures, par rapport au groupe témoin. Après 12 semaines
de cessation de l’entraînement (semaine 24), la PA est demeurée significativement
plus basse dans le groupe ExEC que dans le groupe témoin (-9,6 ± 3,8 vs 6,3 ± 3,5
mmHg, p = 0,01 et -7,5 ± 2,2 vs 2,2 ± 1,0 mmHg, p = 0,009, pour la PA systolique et diastolique respectivement), même si les différences
étaient moins marquées.
Conclusions
La PA est demeurée plus basse chez les patients atteints d’HR du groupe ExEC après
la cessation de leur entraînement pendant 12 semaines que dans le groupe témoin. Les
effets rémanents de l’ExEC sur la PA pourraient aider à surmonter l’épineux problème
de la fidélité à un programme d’activité physique dans le suivi à long terme.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 05, 2018
Accepted:
September 29,
2018
Received:
June 18,
2018
Footnotes
See page 1646 for disclosure information.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
