Abstract
Stroke is a heterogeneous disease in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). HIV is thought to increase the risk of stroke through both HIV-related and
traditional stroke risk factors, which vary with respect to the patient’s age and
clinical characteristics. Numerous studies show that detectable viremia and immunosuppression
increase the risk of stroke across all ages, whereas traditional risk factors are
more common in the aging population with HIV. As persons living with HIV age and acquire
traditional stroke risk factors, the prevalence of stroke will likely continue to
increase. Large- and small-vessel disease are the most common causes of stroke, although
it is important to evaluate for infectious etiology as well. Research regarding the
management of stroke in patients with HIV is scant, and recommendations often parallel
those for the general population. Treatment of HIV and effective reduction of traditional
stroke risk factors is important to reduce the risk of stroke in persons living with
HIV. Future research will help elucidate the pathophysiology of HIV and stroke risk,
investigate sex differences in stroke risk, and evaluate the safety and benefits of
standard stroke preventative measures and HIV-specific interventions in this population.
Résumé
L’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est une maladie hétérogène chez les personnes
vivant avec le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH). On pense que le VIH accroît
le risque d’AVC par l’intermédiaire de facteurs de risques tant liés au VIH que traditionnels
qui varient en fonction de l’âge et des caractéristiques cliniques du patient. De
nombreuses études montrent que la virémie décelable et l’immunosuppression augmentent
le risque d’AVC sans égard à l’âge, alors que les facteurs de risque traditionnels
sont plus fréquents dans la population plus âgée infectée par le VIH. À mesure que
les personnes vivant avec le VIH vieillissent et acquièrent des facteurs de risque
d’AVC traditionnels, la prévalence de l’AVC est appelée à augmenter. Si les affections
touchant les gros et les petits vaisseaux sont les causes les plus courantes d’AVC,
il n’en demeure pas moins important d’évaluer aussi la possibilité d’une étiologie
infectieuse. Les recherches sur la prise en charge de l’AVC chez les patients infectés
par le VIH sont rares, et les recommandations sont souvent les mêmes que celles visant
la population générale. Le traitement du VIH et la réduction réelle des facteurs de
risque d’AVC traditionnels jouent un rôle important dans la réduction du risque d’AVC
chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH. Les recherches futures contribueront à préciser
la physiopathologie du VIH et du risque d’AVC, à analyser les différences entre les
sexes quant au risque d’AVC et à évaluer l’innocuité et les effets bénéfiques des
mesures standard de prévention de l’AVC et des interventions ciblant le VIH dans cette
population.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 05, 2018
Accepted:
November 30,
2018
Received:
September 18,
2018
Footnotes
See page 285 for disclosure information.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
