Nearly one-half (46%) of Canadians have been in caregiving roles to family members
or friends; 50% of these caregivers are between the ages of 45 to 65 years, and the
majority (54%) are women.
1
A caregiver is broadly defined as someone who provides informal or unpaid work to
a family member or friend with a chronic condition or disability.
Caregiving roles typically include transportation, housework, house maintenance and
outdoor work, scheduling and coordinating appointments, managing finances, helping
with medical treatments, and providing personal care.
1
Caregiving has enormous benefits to the care recipient and the health care system.
Despite these benefits, caregiving has detrimental effects on one’s ability to exercise,
consume a healthy diet, and maintain alcohol consumption within recommended limits.
3
Detrimental effects of the caregiving experience are greater among middle-aged caregivers,
those known as the “sandwich generation,” because they balance paid work commitments
and interpersonal relationships with care delivery tasks for parents, children, and/or
partners.
3
Caregiving can also lead to financial hardship for younger caregivers, with an average
loss of $1.2 million in earnings (present and future) and $30,000 in out-of-pocket
expenses.
3
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Canadian Journal of CardiologyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Portrait of caregivers 2012. Statistics Canada; September 10, 2013.(Available at:) (Accessed June 13, 2019)
- Caregiver care.Am Fam Physician. 2019; 99: 699-706
- Self-reported health impacts of caregiving by age and income among participants of the Canadian 2012 General Social Survey.Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2019; 39: 169-177
- How medicine has changed the end of life for patients with cardiovascular disease.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70: 1276-1289
- Cost of informal caregiving for patients with heart failure.Am Heart J. 2015; 169: 142-148
- The burden of heart failure.(Available at:)http://tedrogersheartfunction.ca/wp-content/uploads/the-burden-of-heart-failure.pdfDate: 2016Date accessed: June 13, 2019
- Reducing caregiver distress and cardiovascular risk: a focus on caregiver-patient relationship quality.Can J Cardiol. 2019; 35: 1409-1411
- Factors associated with caregiver burden in heart failure family caregivers.West J Nurs Res. 2008; 30: 943-959
- Family caregivers of patients with heart failure: a longitudinal study.J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2013; 28: 417-428
- Engaging patients and families to create feasible clinical trial integrating palliative and heart failure care: results of the ENABLE CHF-PC pilot clinical trial.BMC PalliatCare. 2017; 16
- On-line training modules: integrating sex & gender in health research.(Available at:)http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/49347.htmlDate accessed: April 23, 2019
- What a difference sex and gender make: a gender, sex and health research casebook.(Available at:)http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/documents/What_a_Difference_Sex_and_Gender_Make-en.pdfDate: 2012Date accessed: April 14, 2016
- Gender differences in spousal care across the later life course.Res Aging. 2017; 39: 934-959
- Explaining the gender gap in the caregiving burden of partner caregivers.Gerontol Soc Am. 2019; 74: 309-317
- The caregiving perspective in heart failure: a population based study.BMC Health Serv Res. 2013; 13: 342
- Informal caregiving patterns and trajectories of psychological distress in the UK Household Longitudinal Study.Psychol Med. 2018; : 1-9
- Caring for a dying partner: the male experience.J Palliat Care. 2019; 34: 5-11
- Spousal health and older adults’ biomarker change over six years: Investigation of gender differences.Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019; 83: 44-49
- A systematic review of heart failure dyadic self-care interventions focusing on intervention components, contexts, and outcomes.Int J Nurs Stud. 2018; 77: 232-242
- Qualitative study of challenges of caring for a person with heart failure.Geriatr Nurs. 2018; 39: 443-449
- Experiences of long-term life-limiting conditions among patients and carers: what can we learn from a meta-review of systematic reviews of qualitative studies of chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease?.BMJ Open. 2016; 6e011694
- Palliative care and cardiovascular disease and stroke.Circulation. 2016; 134: e198-e225
- Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; : CD007131
- A randomised controlled trial of a facilitated home-based rehabilitation intervention in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and their caregivers: the REACH-HFpEF pilot study.BMJ Open. 2018; 8e019649
- Impact of a mobilized stress management program (Pep-Pal) for caregivers of oncology patients: Mixed-methods study.JMIR Cancer. 2019; 5e11406
- Ms.Understood: women’s hearts are victims of a system that is ill-equipped to diagnose, treat and support them.(Available at:)https://www.heartandstroke.ca/-/media/pdf-files/canada/2018-heart-month/hs_2018-heart-report_en.ashxDate: 2018Date accessed: June 13, 2019
- Projected costs of informal caregiving for cardiovascular disease: 2015-2035.Circulation. 2018; 137: e558-e577
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 09, 2019
Accepted:
June 25,
2019
Received:
June 3,
2019
Footnotes
See article by Bouchard et al., pages 1409–1411 of this issue.
See page 1269 for disclosure information.
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ScienceDirect
Access this article on ScienceDirectLinked Article
- Reducing Caregiver Distress and Cardiovascular Risk: A Focus on Caregiver-Patient Relationship QualityCanadian Journal of CardiologyVol. 35Issue 10
- PreviewSpouses report elevated levels of distress upon assuming a caregiver role; this role and related distress might, ironically, increase the cardiovascular risk of spousal caregivers of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physiological, behavioural, and emotional factors experienced by caregivers can contribute to enhanced CVD risk. Despite an appreciation of these established associations few approaches have shown effectiveness in reducing a caregiver’s stress. It is known that CVD can produce additional strain on a caregiver-patient relationship, in turn accentuating caregiver distress.
- Full-Text
- Preview