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Canadian Journal of Cardiology
Images in Cardiology| Volume 36, ISSUE 8, P1326.e17-1326.e19, August 2020

Chronic Persistence of Hemorrhage, Microvascular Obstruction, and Edema After Myocardial Infarction: Utility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published:April 06, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.045
      Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH), coupled with microvascular obstruction (MVO), is an independent predictor of adverse remodelling following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
      • Carrick D.
      • Haig C.
      • Ahmed N.
      • et al.
      Myocardial hemorrhage after acute reperfused ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: relation to microvascular obstruction and prognostic significance.
      . In the acute phase (<3 days) of MI, MVO, and IMH concurrently occur in 40% to 60% of patients presenting with STEMI and typically resolve by 1 to 3 months post-MI.
      • Carrick D.
      • Haig C.
      • Ahmed N.
      • et al.
      Myocardial hemorrhage after acute reperfused ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: relation to microvascular obstruction and prognostic significance.
      However, recent studies have offered evidence that IMH, although not MVO, can persist even up to the chronic phase (>2 months) and is associated with greater inflammation, adverse remodelling and poorer outcomes.
      • Bulluck H.
      • Rosmini S.
      • Abdel-Gadir A.
      • et al.
      Residual myocardial iron following intramyocardial hemorrhage during the convalescent phase of reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and adverse left ventricular remodeling.
      ,
      • Ghugre N.R.
      • Pop M.
      • Thomas R.
      • et al.
      Hemorrhage promotes inflammation and myocardial damage following acute myocardial infarction: insights from a novel preclinical model and cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
      In this study, we exploited the comprehensive nature of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to highlight a unique STEMI case exhibiting the chronic presentation of both IMH and MVO, along with heightened inflammation.
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      References

        • Carrick D.
        • Haig C.
        • Ahmed N.
        • et al.
        Myocardial hemorrhage after acute reperfused ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: relation to microvascular obstruction and prognostic significance.
        Circ Cardiovasc Img. 2016; 9e004148
        • Bulluck H.
        • Rosmini S.
        • Abdel-Gadir A.
        • et al.
        Residual myocardial iron following intramyocardial hemorrhage during the convalescent phase of reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and adverse left ventricular remodeling.
        Circ Cardiovasc Img. 2016; 9
        • Ghugre N.R.
        • Pop M.
        • Thomas R.
        • et al.
        Hemorrhage promotes inflammation and myocardial damage following acute myocardial infarction: insights from a novel preclinical model and cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
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