Ischemia is an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, and includes
both macrovascular and microvascular causes. When patients present with typical angina
or equivalents, many tests can assess for ischemia. If positive and symptomatic despite
medical therapy, patients are referred for coronary angiography. If no macrovascular
ischemia is detected, workup for ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease
(INOCA) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) should be performed if clinically
indicated. Invasive and non-invasive modalities can be used to detect CMD. This review
highlights the role of stress echocardiography as a non-invasive modality for the
assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction.
Key Words
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Article Info
Publication History
Accepted:
July 14,
2022
Received in revised form:
July 10,
2022
Received:
May 4,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofFootnotes
Conflicts of Interest: None
Funding: None
Disclosures
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society.
